What is the difference between an RP and an RSW?
Last reviewed: May 2026
If you have started searching for a therapist in Ontario, you have probably encountered these two designations. Both RPs and RSWs provide psychotherapy, and both are regulated health professionals. But their training backgrounds, regulatory frameworks, and insurance coverage can differ in ways that matter for your situation.
Registered Psychotherapist (RP)
A Registered Psychotherapist (RP) is regulated by the College of Registered Psychotherapists of Ontario (CRPO). The RP designation was established in 2015 when Ontario passed the Psychotherapy Act, making psychotherapy a controlled act that can only be performed by regulated professionals. RPs typically hold a master's degree in psychotherapy, counselling psychology, or a related field, and their training centres specifically on the practice of psychotherapy.
The RP designation is relatively specific to Ontario and is not widely recognized across Canada the way that social work designations are. This matters primarily for insurance: while many insurance plans now include RPs in their mental health coverage, some plans (particularly older benefit structures) may list only psychologists and social workers. Always verify with your specific plan.
Registered Social Worker (RSW)
A Registered Social Worker (RSW) is regulated by the Ontario College of Social Workers and Social Service Workers (OCSWSSW). Social work is a broader profession that encompasses community work, case management, and policy — but RSWs who specialize in direct clinical practice provide psychotherapy that is clinically indistinguishable from that provided by RPs.
RSWs are more widely recognized across Canada and by insurance providers. Many benefit plans, including those that predate the RP designation, include RSWs under their mental health coverage. If your plan specifies "registered social worker" as a covered provider, an RSW is eligible.
Which should you choose?
For clinical purposes, the distinction matters less than the individual therapist's training, specialization, and the fit between you. Both designations are held to legally enforceable professional standards. The main practical difference is insurance eligibility: check your benefits plan to confirm which designations your plan covers before booking.
All Valisen therapists are Registered Psychotherapists (RP) and can confirm their designation and registration number upon request.